Molluscan brains

Molluscs (slugs, snails, clams, squid and octopi) have ganglia--collections of axons--associated with the mouth, foot, and gut. Cephalopods (squid and octopi) have large brains and are capable of sophisticated movements and learning.
Mussels, and other bivalves such as clams, have limited mobility and consequently little use for a complex nervous system.

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copyright ©2002 Michael D. Breed, all rights reserved