Predators, experience of the animals in their habitat, and "culture" in vigilance

Caraco T., Martindale S., Pulliam H. R. 1980. Avian flocking in the presence of a predator. Nature 285:400-401.

Frid A., 1997. Vigilance by female Dall's sheep: Interactions between predation risk factors. Anim Behav 53: 799-808

 

 

 

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copyright ©2001 Michael D. Breed, all rights reserved